The extensive of land uses the brought contradiction that use the land, the surface is index is tired, the sluggish that essence is development means is pressing optimize configuration of land natural resources, force the city develops economy of means down to to develop the change of means
The economy of associate with extensive grows means and land to use means, had touched the border that came up against supply of natural resources of our country land. On one hand, farmland retains the quantity approachs 1.8 billion mus of red line, construction of a few areas uses ground index to had overdrawn to the next 10 years; On the other hand, ground of extensive of area of garden of the big driveway that does not suit with urban dimensions, big square, big industry is used up, gobbling up fertile land. If maintain the development pattern of extensive, be changed as new-style industrialization, informatization, town and advance of agricultural modernization quickly, below the aggregate pressure that turns height and industrialized height in population height, town, land natural resources will bear the weight of finally hard. Transform only the mode that use the land, to intensive important place.
Recently, give an official of ministry of land natural resources " Guangdong province advances managing intensive to set an example with the ground deep program of province construction work " , this is afterwards ministry of land natural resources and Guangdong province built managing intensive to use the land in all together 2008 pilot after demonstrative province, play Guangdong deepens effect of foretaste of go ahead of the rest of reforming and opening, innovation system mechanism, promote managing intensive to use the upgrading of ground level in the round. Guangdong is advancing the of all kinds land such as town, factory, country, infrastructure managing intensive uses a field, take the lead in exploring, break through somewhat.
Managing intensive uses the land, also be the theme of day of land of entire this year territory. The deep setting of this one theme is, be in town to change the China that sends exhibition period quickly, supply of land natural resources and demand contradiction are increasingly outstanding. 2008, seventeen 3 in plenary meeting puts forward to want to hold to " the rigiddest managing system that use the land " , "925 " the program is listed " construction of unit gross domestic product uses ground area to reduce 30% " level sex target, the fundamental way that managing intensive makes broken solution develop contractible and difficult problem, urban and rural difference with the ground, making national strategy.
Build for a time with the Guangdong with high-strung ground, begin managing intensive to use since the ground is pilot, save every to add place of 100 million yuan of GDP newly to need to add construction newly to measure year after year to drop with the ground completely, year after year of unit area production value rises. Saved construction of every square kilometer to use the land completely 2012 the 2nd, 3 industries increase a value to be 286 million yuan, grew 52% than 2008.
Besides Guangdong and other places pilot, ministry of land natural resources started meet by appointment of division of land natural resources formally on June 25, 2010 to make an appointment with paradigmatic county (city) establish an activity, meet by appointment of stimulative resources division uses the summary of good mode, good mechanism to pothe best selling watch casespularize about.
Jiang Daming of land ministry minister puts forward, advance the of all kinds land such as town, factory, country, infrastructure in the round managing intensive is used, it is the main attack way that next managing intensive use the land.
From pilot to establish a model, the managing intensive that how can you just form countrywide limits arrives by the dot with the ground the condition of the face?
Lack target or be short of efficiency
modern dining chairsAs harrison hot spring public poolthe amplification of the growth of population and economic gross, the problem of in short supply of land natural resources becomes the chief factor that changes a course to restrict a lot of area industrialization, town gradually, outstanding performance is construction the index that use the land is more and more nervous.
Be in 3 years continuously from ministry of land natural resourcesTwo meetingsThe ministry province that organizes during combines survey to look, plan index breach increases the worry that making local progress ceaselessly.
Does breach have after all how old? A kind of view is breach of supply and demand is 2/3 about. Comparative in last few years year changes investigation data and plan index to arrange dimensions in those days, it is certain that the requirement that raises considering each district, departmental door often is contained " moisture " , ministry of land natural resources plans to manage afterwards of director Dong Zun thinks, actual breach estimation is in supply and demand of annual plan index at least 3 million ～ 4 million mus.
From the point of economic dimensions and the contrast of the dimensions that use the land, investment of fixed assets of whole 2010 society achieves 27 trillion yuan, was 2001 3.72 trillion yuan 7 times above; And agricultural 2010 the ground turns to be 4.9 million mus with plan index, compare only 4.68 million mus increased 220 thousand mus 2001, grow 4.7% , remarkable prep above uses economic dimensions amplitude ground index amplitude. The insecurity of index sees one spot.
But, on the other hand, various government is made up through planning to repair, administrative system is adjusted, bring into rural region urban domain, outside making urban circle ceaseless, move, area of urban building area has added the 40058 square kilometer 2011 from the enlarge of 22439.3 square kilometer 2000, enlarged one times almost.
1996 ～ 2010, countrywide construction increased 74.1 million mus with grounthe most popular north face shirtsd area, amplitude is 16.9% , year all increase 5.293 million mus. Among them, countrywide land supplied gross to amount to 6.45 million mus 2010, than 2006 growth 83.8% , 2006 ～ between 2010 year all add construction newly to use the land 7.14 million mus of above. 2005 ～ 2010, the proportion that the area that ask for the ground holds our country to add a dweller newly to nod a factory to be accumulated with the ground is amounted to 67.28% .
But from the point of use efficiency, countrywide industry project is 0.3 ～ only with ground volume ratio 0.6, developed country and area are in commonly 1 above. No matter the eastpart part western, no matter urban countryside, everywhere of land of unused, small effect is visible, big driveway, big square, large plant area has become a few areas " standard " deploy. Data shows, the whole nation still has a large number of approving and did not use land. A few places exceed two years after approving be not worth for using scale the ground, actually 50% . From construction of average per capita the area that use the land looks, at present construction of town of countrywide average per capita already amounorth face shirtsnted to 133 square metre with the ground, dot of dweller of country of average per capita achieves 214 square metre with the ground. Look in order to come up integratedly, with " contradiction of the supply and demand that use the land is added increasingly drama " conclusion not conform to, dong Zun afterwards thinks.
The extensive of land uses the brought contradiction that use the land, the surface is index is tired, essence is the sluggish that develops way. In interviewing, many expert expressed such point of view. On the other hand, also refract go out to fall in new condition, administration of our country land appeared a lot of new cases and problem, face unprecedented grim challenge. Dong Zun afterwards thinks, basically reflect be in 3 " cannot last " : It is the construction that gives priority to with denotative dilate cannot last with ground mode; 2 it is excessive depend on " land finance " town construction mode cannot last; The 3 construction that are large-scale low cost ask for ground mode to cannot last.
Urgent need adopts land system reform, optimize configuration of land natural resources, stimulative land uses means to transform, force the city develops economy of means down to to develop the change of means thereby.
2004, to strengthen land management, ministry of land natural resources came on stage " the decision that about deepening reform firm land manages " (the country sends 〔 2004 〕 28) , among them the 16th regulation, should execute aggrandizement managing use ground policy with intensive, managing put in the first place with the ground, the key is in kongfu of dish of the vivid fluctuation that put an amount. After 4 years 2008, the State Council came on stage " the announcement that uses the land about promoting managing intensive " , the requirement uses ground principle according to managing intensive, examine adjust of all kinds and relevant program and the standard that use the land; Make full use of existing construction uses the land, raise construction to use efficiency with favourable geographical position energetically. Seventeen when hold in this year 3 in on plenary meeting, put forward to want to hold to " the rigiddest managing system that use the land " .
But in existing land management system and frame of wealth tax system fall, how to is ability promoted and arouse local joint meet by appointment to use the initiative of the brass faucetground about? Besides the builds the index that use the land puissant tie of year, encourage actively pilot it is important to become shove a hand.
Valuable pilot innovation experience
Pilot in " can use without the ground " the foreland such as Guangdong, Zhejiang takes the lead in beginning.
Since 2009, guangdong province developed large-scale old town, old village, old factory building " 3 old " transform an activity. Put a quantity to construction is used with favourable geographical position and run a system through innovating, promote reopen of ground of urban and rural low effectiveness to send. Came true to save every to add place of 100 million yuan of GDP newly to need to add construction newly to measure year after year to drop with the ground completely, year after year of unit area production value rises. Come 3 many years, in all dish vivid recycle " 3 old " with the ground 21.7 square kilometer, rate of average length ground is amounted to 67% , increase public service to use the land 4.7 square kilometer, building density reduces 35% above, greenbelt rate rises considerably.
Zhejiang criterion rate is begun in the whole nation first backward produce can try to find out the real intention investigate and fall into disuse backward produce can program work out works. According to the program, zhejiang with accumulator of steely, cement, papermaking, chemical fibber, printing and dyeing, lead, chemical industry, curry, tile, eletroplate 10 large trades attach most importance to a dot, accelerate backward produce can fall into disuse, stimulative industry grows quality and benefit to promote in the round. Did not come 5 years, zhejiang plan lags behind through falling into disuse produce can dish the vivid land that put an amount makes an appointment with 25 thousand mus. From the point of 2012, zhejiang lags behind through falling into disuse produce can, vacate land natural resources in all 12744 mus, use construction in order to advance small effect to be developed 2 times with the ground, accelerate unused land to deal with attach most importance to a dot put a quantity to dig go the job also goes well. Save dish of vivid construction that put an amount to make an appointment with sixty thousand four hundred mus with the ground completely, 200% what overfulfil year end assignment.
From the point of the whole nation, a few areas explore the construction that put an amount actively to be dug with the ground go, raise increment land to use the land part meet by appointment such as efficiency to use pattern about.
In never using the land " fill " the ground. Face before of all kinds construction uses the land in order to take up agricultural the ground and advanced farmland are given priority to, did not use the case with ground low utilization rate, city of Wu Zhong of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and and other places of city of silver of the Gansu Province according to " the hill on industrial project " train of thought adjusts industrial land index the moorland barren slope that did not use, encourage on hill takes up meadow of channel of barren mountain, barren, barren.
From inside the land that put an amount " want " the ground. The Fujian Province always spring and other places of development of technology of economy of city of yellow Hua of province of county, Heibei, Wuhan adopts an agreement to call in, evaluate is bought, adjust displacement, investment to become a shareholder wait for means, active dish of vivid land that put an amount, raise land to use efficiency.
From inside building a project " dig or dig out with a finger or sth pointed " the ground. And other places of division of cool state of city of Wu Zhong of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and city of Wu Wei of the Gansu Province builds what examine and approve around with the ground to superintend through aggrandizement, father to use construction project the ground " the entrance " close, trends of perfect land market monitors a system, raised a government to be opposite the adjusting control ability of land market.
From land development arranges a project in " go to " the ground. Each district explores the new mechanism that land arranges actively, optimize land to use layout and structure hard, lawfully from severe from close administration land. Tall county is useless to what did not use inside the village on Jiangxi province a few villages are solved after pond and sinkage undertake peace is rectified transforming curtilage base, what vacate curtilage base answer cultivate becomes farmland. Shandong saves Yan city to carry out land development to arrange answer cultivate energetically, to area of coal mining cave in " important place " .
Father from severe canal in checking " dig " the ground. Development of technology of economy of city of city of hill of Jiangsu province elder brother, Shandong province high density, Wuhan, Shi He child developing zone and other places builds project admittance system, set project admittance threshold. Land of play of county of Heibei province clear river executes the law censorial function action, farther aggrandizement 7 land execute the law the management of censorial element, do well go on a tour of inspection of earthy quake state. Cover an area of to breaking the law undertake gravity is investigated, eliminate hidden danger.
Pilot not only try the good pattern that gave managing intensive to use land, for example Guangdong province is begun " 3 old transform " , dish vivid small effect puts quaharrison hot spring weather forecastntity construction to use the land, meet by appointment of executive section of city of shade of Jiangsu province river uses the land about " 18 laws " , hubei saves salty peaceful city to esteem in relief county to establish " the supermarket that use the land " natural resources of whole operable land; And the mechanism that formed the gain assessment that uses managing intensive index to bring into villages and towns to lead a cadre. Zhejiang saves " land consolidation uses an evaluation " aggregate index includes economy to use intensity and population to use the intensity, flexibility that use the land, economy to grow bad news ground and land to use administrative performance index of 4 administrative levels, and the weight in gain assessment and GDP of average per capita comparative.
On this foundation, a few places begin to study meet by appointment of perfect resources division arranges the system system that use. Beijing from integral strategy angle, compose is built " program canal accuses, configuration of control of plan adjustment, standard, market, policy is encouraged, monitor superintend, assessment assessment, joint responsibility " system system, published a series of normative sex documents. Office of natural resources of Shandong province land held water to advance managing intensive system to build the job to coordinate a group, specific and responsible organization carries out managing intensive to consider to work with formulate with land system. Hubei province governthe best selling modern dining chairsment came on stage " a certain number of opinions that save managing intensive to use the land completely about promoting " , advance meet by appointment of division of land natural resources to be used about.
Structure of n duality of land of the lousy native place that see a wall tries water
Managing intensive uses the land in, the intensive of urban and rural land is used is important facet. Science of geography of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and resource institute Liu Yan follow a researcher to point out, scale of urban and rural population of current our country makes an appointment with 1: 1, urban and rural construction accumulates with the ground is however 1: 4, the city uses ground extensive to coexist at the same time with ground insecurity and country.
Breaking key of this one obstructive is structure of n duality of land of the lousy native place that see a wall. Chen Rugui of members of standing committee of Guangzhou municipal Party committee, standing deputy mayor points out, be in Guangzhou urban and rural as a whole in plan of land management innovation, put forward collective land clearly to be able to be passed sell one's own things, rental, make over, the kind such as relet, guaranty is on the move into city, enjoy as equal as state-owned land rights and interests, your " dead asset " turn into " vivid asset " , attract high-end project to enter go to the countryside of village, capital. Smooth this one, whole town limits can be pulled use investment 120 billion yuan.
In ministry of land natural resources the Guangdong province of give an official advanced managing intensive to set an example with the ground deep recently in saving construction work program, "Dish vivid " collective construction uses the land is one of serious content. Plan puts forward clearly to combine innovation of system of rural collective property right, exploration collective builds the access that use the land person with land access affiliation, become a shareholder etc formal initiate enterprise and participate in management sex infrastructure operation. Research builds collective land value to evaluate a system, the way that explores collective construction to become a shareholder with ground evaluate and accrual allocate method, had done become a shareholder land counterpoises really register promulgate card. Collective land of exploration rural area produces the form that authority implements and way. The standard advances urban and rural construction to use couple of ground increase and decrease pilot, change development to unite deploy according to national town, target of link up with of exploration increase and decrease is reasonable scope of application, accrual of perfect land appreciation allocates method.
In Dospring poolng Zun afterwards looks, advance collective construharrison hot spring dealction to be on the move with the ground, allow rural collective to build the according to that use the land to plan wthe most popular watch casesith a variety of paid means participates in development to manage, enjoy equal rights and interests with state-owned land, it is to deepen rural land to manage a system to reform one of serious content. Guangdong has used pilot power, on the reform measure basis that forms maturity, sum up promotion in time, drive legislation and long law.
The State Council develops research center rural economics to study ministry undersecretary Liu Shouying thinks, should allow collective construction planning with the ground and the market is entered below utility control premise. The city grows the collective construction inside the line to use the land, want to accord with a program only, allow collective and all property to participate in blame farming to build, but must like state-owned land, bring into unified land market to trade, pay land value added tax. Execute the land taxation that gives priority to with land appreciation, the land in realizing town to change a course rises in price put in a society 's charge.
Zhang Xiaoshan of ministry committee member learns to look in the the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, property right of farther clear land is managing intensive the sex of a foundation that uses rural land resource works. A file puts forward in the center of 2012, "Finish basically 2012 enclothe rural collective the droit of of all kinds land counterpoises truly register promulgate card " the job. Will look at present, in counterpoise truly in the job, a few problems that solve urgently exist on law and policy level, should increase driving strength.
Build intensive to use ground strategy system
Although current our country builds the resource that use the land to had arrived awful not the strategic pass that intensive uses, but a few places are used in economic progress and resource on, still stay on traditional idea, the view is not quite long-term, existence takes current condition seriously, ignore long-term plan, weigh the circumstance of local, light overall situation, urgent need has a layer to overall system is designed and combine policy of form a complete set to furnish, advance managing intensive to use the land. The managing intensive that establishs mutiple level, much goal uses ground strategy system.
In interviewing, expert proposal, begin from stereo consideration, special system of policy of managing to land intensive, make an appointment with structure and managing intensive element around managing intensive function, spare part, part the level from province, city, county, bourg, compose establishs different side focal point.
Province (city) class ———Aggrandizement index adjusting control, rate of ground of bad news of assessment unit GDP, unit invests the index such as intensity with the ground, raise the cost that use the land;
City (county) class ———Aggrandizement plans to restrain, pass land utility control, urban and rural link up with, assemble of population concentration, industry promotes the intensive of land;
Town (village) class ———Want to pass project guiding, land punish and central bourg community are built, compose builds dweller community to change, the harmonious space that industrial garden area changes.
Continueing to promote a development while managing intensive uses the land, exert oneself advances " 3 old strategies " : It is exploration pushs big city " 3 old " transform, stimulative industry transition transforms with the means that use the land; 2 it is to begin hollow village deep integrated punish, dish latent capacity of on work 100 million mus hollow village land; 3 it is to carry out high level in the round basic farm builds as major as land punish project, aggrandizement increment is carried qualitative, produce can promotion, benefit and the people's livelihood.
In this process, the expert reminds, should do good risk to prevent accuse, should stand fast especially farmland red line, cogent the bottom line that maintains masses land to close right increase, firm land is superintended, hold to in foretaste of go ahead of the rest lawfully administration. " 瞭 looks "
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